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Formulas and Mnemonics for Wire and Cable Selection Calculation
Erstellt 2025.11.14
Translation of Wire and Cable - Related Text
1. No Strict Distinction Between "Wire" and "Cable"
There is no strict distinction between "wire" and "cable".
Typically, products with a small number of cores, small outer diameter, and simple structure are called wires. Those without insulation are referred to as bare wires, while others are called cables.
Wires with a large conductor cross-sectional area (greater than 6 mm²) are known as large wires, and those with a smaller cross-sectional area (less than or equal to 6 mm²) are called small wires. Insulated wires are also termed wiring cables.
2. Different Types of Cables
(1) Category Codes
- H – Urban Communication Cable
- HP – Distribution Cable
- HJ – Central Office Cable
(2) Insulation Codes
- Y – Solid Polyolefin Insulation
- YF – Foamed Polyolefin Insulation
- YP – Foam/Solid-Skin Polyolefin Insulation
(3) Inner Sheath Codes
- A – Plastic-Coated Aluminum Tape Bonded Shield with PE Sheath
- S – Aluminum-Steel Double Metal Tape Shield with PE Sheath
- V – PVC Sheath
(4) Feature Codes
- T – Petroleum Jelly Filling
- G – High-Frequency Isolation
- C – Self-Supporting Type
(5) Outer Sheath Codes
- 23 – Double-Layer Anti-Corrosion Steel Tape Armored with PE Outer Sheath
- 33 – Single-Layer Fine Steel Wire Armored with PE Sheath
- 43 – Single-Layer Thick Steel Wire Armored with PE Sheath
- 53 – Single-Layer Corrugated Steel Tape Longitudinal Armored with PE Outer Sheath
- 553 – Double-Layer Corrugated Steel Tape Longitudinal Armored with PE Outer Sheath
3. Cable Model Codes
- Application Code
- Insulation Code
- Conductor Material Code
- Inner Sheath Code
- Derivative Code
- Outer Sheath Code
- Special Product Code
- Rated Voltage
4. Cables for Different Applications
- SYV
- SYWV(Y)
- RVVP
- RG
- KVVP
- RVV (227IEC52/53)
- AVVR
- SBVV / HYA
- RV / RVP
- RVS / RVB
- BV / BVR
- RIB
- KVV
- SFTP
- UL2464
- VGA
- SYV
- SDFAVP / SDFAVVP / SYFPY
- JVPV / JVPVP / JVVP
5. Armoring and Outer Sheath Numbers for Power Cables
- 0: None
- 1: Interlocked Armor with Fiber Outer Covering
- 2: Double-Layer Steel Tape with PVC Outer Sheath
- 3: Fine Round Steel Wire with PE Outer Sheath
- 4: Thick Round Steel Wire
- 5: Corrugated (Crimped) Steel Tape
- 6: Double Aluminum (or Aluminum Alloy) Tape
- 7: Copper Braid
- 8: Steel Braid
6. Application Classification of Wires and Cables
(1) Power System
Wire and cable products used in power systems mainly include: overhead bare wires, busbars (bus ducts), power cables (plastic cables, oil-paper insulated power cables – mostly replaced by plastic power cables, rubber-sheathed cables, overhead insulated cables), branch cables (replacing part of busbars), magnet wires, and electrical equipment wires/cables for power devices.
(2) Information Transmission System
Mainly includes: local telephone cables, TV cables, electronic wires, RF cables, optical fiber cables, data cables, magnet wires, power communication cables, and other composite cables.
(3) Mechanical Equipment & Instrumentation Systems
Nearly all wire and cable products (except overhead bare wires) are used in this field, with a focus on power cables, magnet wires, data cables, and instrumentation wires/cables.
7. Product Classification of Wires and Cables
(1) Bare Wires and Bare Conductor Products
Key features: Pure conductor metal, no insulation or sheath (e.g., steel-cored aluminum strands, copper-aluminum busbars, electric locomotive wires). Processing techniques mainly involve pressure processing (smelting, calendering, drawing, stranding/compacted stranding). Applications: Suburban and rural areas, main user lines, switchgear, etc.
(2) Power Cables
Key features: Insulation layer extruded/wrapped around the conductor (e.g., overhead insulated cables); or multi-core stranding (corresponding to phase wires, neutral wires, and ground wires in power systems, e.g., overhead insulated cables with 2+ cores); or additional sheath layers (e.g., plastic/rubber-sheathed wires and cables).
Main processing technologies: Drawing, stranding, insulation extrusion (wrapping), cabling, armoring, sheath extrusion – with variations in process combinations for different products.
Applications: High-voltage power transmission in power generation, distribution, transmission, transformation, and supply lines. Carries large currents (tens to thousands of amps) and operates at high voltages (220V to 500kV and above).
(3) Wires and Cables for Electrical Equipment
Key features: Diverse types and specifications, wide application range, mostly used at voltages ≤1kV. New products are continuously developed for special scenarios (e.g., fire-resistant cables, flame-retardant cables, low-smoke halogen-free/low-smoke low-halogen cables, termite/mouse-proof cables, oil/cold/heat/wear-resistant cables, medical/agricultural/mining cables, thin-wall wires).
(4) Communication Cables and Optical Fibers
Evolved from simple telephone/telegraph cables to multi-pair telephone cables, coaxial cables, optical fibers, data cables, and even composite communication cables. These products typically have small, uniform structural dimensions and require high manufacturing precision.
(5) Magnet Wires (Winding Wires)
Mainly used in various motors, instruments, and meters.
8. Specifications and Models of Wires and Cables
- RY: PE Insulated Flexible Wire
- BV: Copper Core PVC Insulated Wire
- RV: Copper Core PVC Insulated Flexible Wire for Installation
- RV: Copper Core PVC Insulated Connection Cable (Wire)
- BLV: Aluminum Core PVC Insulated Wire
- BYR: PE Insulated Flexible Wire
- BVR: Copper Core PVC Insulated Flexible Wire
- BVS: Copper Core PVC Insulated Twisted Flexible Wire
- RVB: Copper Core PVC Insulated Flat Connection Flexible Wire
- RYV: PE Insulated PVC Sheathed Flexible Wire
- BYVR: PE Insulated PVC Sheathed Flexible Wire
- BVV: Copper Core PVC Insulated PVC Sheathed Wire
- BLVV: Aluminum Core PVC Insulated PVC Sheathed Wire
- AVR: Tinned Copper Core PE Insulated Flat Connection Flexible Cable (Wire)
- RVB: Copper Core PVC Flat Connection Wire
- RVS: Copper Core PVC Twisted Connection Wire
- RVV: Copper Core PVC Insulated PVC Sheathed Round Connection Flexible Cable
- ARVV: Tinned Copper Core PVC Insulated PVC Sheathed Flat Connection Flexible Cable
- RVVB: Copper Core PVC Insulated PVC Sheathed Flat Connection Flexible Cable
- RV-105: Copper Core Heat-Resistant (105℃) PVC Insulated Connection Flexible Cable
- AF-205 / AFS-250 / AFP-250: Silver-Plated PVC-Fluoroplastic Insulated High-Temperature Resistant (-60℃~250℃) Connection Flexible Wire
9. Meaning of Wire and Cable Specification Notations
Specifications are expressed using number of cores, nominal cross-sectional area, and voltage level.
(1) Single-Core Branch Cable Specification
Number of cables in the same circuit × (1 × nominal cross-sectional area), 0.6/1kVExample: 4×(1×185) + 1×95 0.6/1kV
(2) Multi-Core Stranded Branch Cable Specification
Number of cables in the same circuit × nominal cross-sectional area, 0.6/1kVExample: 4×185 + 1×95 0.6/1kV
(3) Explanation of Wire and Cable Models
Notes:
- B (B): The first letter denotes "wiring"; the second letter denotes "glass fiber braiding".
- V (V): The first letter denotes "PE (plastic) insulation"; the second letter denotes "PE sheath".
- L (L): Aluminum; no "L" denotes copper.
- F (F): Composite.
- R: Flexible wire.
- S: Twisted pair.
- X: Rubber insulation.
Insulated Wires (Conductors) 〔1〕〔2〕〔3〕〔4〕〔5〕
- 〔1〕Code: B = Wire (sometimes omitted).
- 〔2〕Conductor: T = Copper core (omitted by default); L = Aluminum core; R = Flexible copper.
- 〔3〕Insulation: V = PVC; X = Rubber; F = Neoprene rubber.
- 〔4〕Sheath: V = PVC.
- 〔5〕Others: R = Flexible wire; P = Shielded; B = Flat; S = Twisted pair.
Examples:
- RVV 3×2.5: 1 piece of 3-core sheathed cable
- RV 3×2.5: 3 pieces of flexible wire
- BVR 3×2.5: 3 pieces of flexible wire
- RVB 2×2.5; RVS 2×1.5: 1 piece of twisted pair wire
- BVV 2×1.5; BVVB 2×1.5
- RVVP: Currently used as telephone wire
- Common wires: BV 2.5mm² (for light switches); BV 4mm² (for sockets); BLV 2.5mm²
Power Cables & Control Cables: Model Meaning 〔1〕〔2〕〔3〕〔4〕〔5〕〔6〕〔7〕〔8〕〔9〕
- 〔1〕ZR = Flame-retardant; NH = Fire-resistant.
- 〔2〕Application: No code = Power cable; K = Control cable; P = Signal cable; DJ = Computer cable.
- 〔3〕Insulation layer: V = PVC; Y = PE; YJ = Cross-linked PE; X = Rubber; Z = Paper.
- 〔4〕Conductor: T = Copper core (omitted by default); L = Aluminum core.
- 〔5〕Inner sheath: V = PVC; Y = PE; Q = Lead sheath; L = Aluminum sheath; H = Rubber; HF = Non-flammable rubber; LW = Corrugated aluminum sheath; F = Neoprene; N = Nitrile rubber sheath.
- 〔6〕Features: No code = Unsheathed; F = Split-phase lead sheath/split-phase sheath; D = Non-draining; CY = Oil-filled; P = Shielded; C = For dust collectors; Z = DC.
- 〔7〕Armoring layer: 0 = None; 2 = Double steel tape (24 = Steel tape/thick round steel wire); 3 = Fine round steel wire; 4 = Thick round steel wire (44 = Double thick round steel wire) – "22" indicates armored cable.
- 〔8〕Outer sheath: 0 = None; 1 = Fiber layer; 2 = PVC sheath; 3 = PE sheath.
- 〔9〕Rated voltage: Expressed as a number, unit: kV.
Examples:
- VV 3×150: Copper core PVC insulated PVC sheathed power cable.
- VV22 5×16: Copper core PVC insulated PVC sheathed steel tape armored power cable.
- YJV 4×120: Cross-linked PE insulated PVC sheathed power cable (most commonly used).
- YJV —1kV—4×35+1×16: YJV = Copper core cross-linked PE insulated PVC sheathed power cable; 1kV = Rated voltage 1000V; 4×35+1×16 = 5-core cable (4 cores of 35mm² + 1 core of 16mm²).
Key Indicator to Distinguish Cables from Wires:
- "B" = Wire; "R" = Flexible wire/flexible copper; "S" = Twisted pair.
Wire & Cable Codes and Meanings:
- K = Control cable; V = PVC; P = Copper braided shield; R = Flexible conductor structure; Y = PE; P2 = Copper tape shield; ZR = Flame-retardant cable; YJ = Cross-linked PE; 22 = Steel tape armoring; NH = Fire-resistant cable.
Examples:
- NH-ZR-YJS-C: Cross-linked PE insulated, low-smoke halogen-free, flame-retardant thermoplastic polyolefin liner (or sheath) fire-resistant power cable.
- NH-ZR-YJS24-C: Cross-linked PE insulated, low-smoke halogen-free, flame-retardant thermoplastic polyolefin liner (or sheath) fire-resistant power cable.
Control Cables:
- KVV22: PVC insulated PVC sheathed steel tape armored control cable.
- KYJVP-ZR: Cross-linked PE insulated PVC sheathed copper braided shield flame-retardant control cable.
- KYJVP-NH: Cross-linked PE insulated PVC sheathed copper tape shield fire-resistant control cable.
Main Applications & Operating Characteristics:
Suitable for control, monitoring circuits, and protection lines with rated voltage ≤450/750V.
- Long-term allowable operating temperature: ≤90℃ for cross-linked PE (XLPE) insulated control cables; ≤70℃ for PVC/PE insulated control cables.
- Minimum installation temperature: ≥0℃.
- Bending radius: ≥12×cable outer diameter (for copper tape shielded/steel tape armored cables); ≥6×cable outer diameter (for other types).
Power Cables: Symbol Meanings in Models
- T: Copper (usually omitted from models).
- L: Aluminum; V: PVC insulation/sheath.
- YJ: Cross-linked PVC insulation.
- 22: Steel tape armoring; 32: Fine steel wire armoring; 42: Thick steel wire armoring.
- R: Flexible cable (wire) for connection (flexible structure).
- V: PVC insulation/PVC sheath.
- B: Flat.
- S: Twisted pair.
- A: Tinned/silver-plated.
- F: High-temperature resistant.
- P: Braided shield; P2: Copper tape shield; P22: Steel tape armoring.
- Y: Pre-formed (usually omitted) or polyolefin sheath.
- FD: Product category code for branch cables (to be denoted as FZ in upcoming Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development standards, with the same essence).
- ZR: Flame-retardant; ZRK: Series code for flame-retardant control cables (similar for other categories).
- NH: Fire-resistant; WDZ: Low-smoke halogen-free